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American Asperger's Association Support Group

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» Chambers of Hope (COH) and American Aspergers Association (AAA)
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSat Jul 27, 2013 1:29 pm by csweepigirl

» Introductions
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» June 4th 2011
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Feb 25, 2011 6:22 am by csweepigirl

» Free Home Speech Practice Home offer
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» Support group meeting and hbot volunteers
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» Favor....Locals..read..please...
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» Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) is hosting the first of its best practices webinars
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» We need to start this website back up again!
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» Group Home Manager is Yelling I Need Help
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» Support Group Meetings 2011 *EDITED*
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» community happenings!
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» Asperger's (how it is diagnosed and treated)
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» What do you do when people look at you by the pills you take vs. the person you are?
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» Items under your nose that are gluten free, and cheap too!
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» Adam
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» Looking for friends
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» Maas-Rowe Carillon Questions
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» Video Emails from Dr. Ron
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» Ah, it's good to be back.
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» 1st Annual Aspergers Volleyball Tournament
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» free event: Therapeutic Recreation Adapted Sailing and Kayak Clinic
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» Help! I Seem to be Getting More Autistic!" ARTICLE
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» Was this teacher out of line?
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» OMG THE PLACE IS REMODELED!!!!
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» Got Plates?
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» Local IEP Advocate!! THANKS VAL!!!
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» Pinellas ESE advisory board meetings
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» Dentists who use sedation.. thanks Dr. Ron
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» Hey GAB!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Feb 24, 2010 5:25 am by csweepigirl

» Autism in the news: WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A hormone thought to encourage bonding between mothers and their babies may foster social behavior in some adults with autism, French researchers said on Monday.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Feb 18, 2010 7:01 am by csweepigirl

» **********echo*******************
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSun Jan 31, 2010 11:16 pm by KelleyNNelson

» Any ideas on how to make a gluten regression easier for both child and family?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Jan 06, 2010 9:47 am by csweepigirl

» Hi! Long time no see.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeMon Dec 21, 2009 3:04 am by KelleyNNelson

» Hellooooo? Need some freakin' help here.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Dec 15, 2009 8:50 am by man of a million names

» Cats or dogs? Summer or winter?
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» Mozark and the whale *aspergers movie* on showtime on demand.. SUCKED by the way
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» Adult Aspergers Syndrome
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSun Nov 22, 2009 4:07 pm by KelleyNNelson

» Asperger’s Syndrome: A Developmental Puzzle by Michael McCroskery
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» Really Cool Super Awesome Thing! Kim And Kelly You Have To Read This!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Nov 20, 2009 4:24 am by man of a million names

» 2 Articles of Interest Re: Aspergers
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Nov 19, 2009 6:15 am by csweepigirl

» Accidently stubled across some info about meletonin oops!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Nov 10, 2009 2:41 pm by csweepigirl

» Lack of Services for ASD
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeMon Nov 09, 2009 8:04 pm by Dr. Ron

» New and having a hard time
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Nov 04, 2009 3:40 am by lovethefish

» Sorry I haven't been around as much (update)
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Nov 03, 2009 10:53 pm by KelleyNNelson

» Having a hard time again
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Oct 20, 2009 8:35 am by man of a million names

» Important paradox/riddle! Anyone care to help with it?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeMon Oct 19, 2009 10:46 pm by KelleyNNelson

» Follow through or not.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Oct 15, 2009 4:01 am by csweepigirl

» New Pediatrics Autism Study Putting Prevalence at 1 in 91
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Oct 14, 2009 11:45 am by csweepigirl

» Different Directions
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Oct 09, 2009 12:41 am by csweepigirl

» AS is a very difficult diagnosis to make.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Oct 08, 2009 1:47 pm by csweepigirl

» How is everyone?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeMon Sep 21, 2009 9:48 pm by Jerry Graham

» CD to benefit the AAA ~!!!!! Check this out!!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeMon Sep 21, 2009 11:14 am by bassfiddlesteve

» I met Joe Diffie's son!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSun Sep 20, 2009 8:01 am by csweepigirl

» Anyone feel like helping me smack the crap out of my former boss?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSun Sep 20, 2009 7:56 am by csweepigirl

» Lazy or Aspergers?? or both?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSun Sep 20, 2009 5:20 am by man of a million names

» The right thing?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Sep 15, 2009 7:27 am by man of a million names

» Mark Fowler and his wonderful work.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSun Sep 13, 2009 5:51 am by man of a million names

» A.A.A. RESEARCH STUDY. Do you see any differences between females with Aspergers vs. males with Aspergers
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Sep 10, 2009 1:49 pm by csweepigirl

» What happened?? because I don't know, do you?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Sep 10, 2009 6:24 am by man of a million names

» Haha, Funny URL.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Sep 09, 2009 9:15 am by man of a million names

» Dude! Kim, I forgot to tell you... and maybe anyone else at the last meeting...
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSat Sep 05, 2009 4:59 am by man of a million names

» My son is making strange noises!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Sep 04, 2009 11:41 pm by KelleyNNelson

» Terrible sound on video
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Sep 04, 2009 9:30 am by man of a million names

» Aspian or Aspergian?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Sep 04, 2009 7:22 am by man of a million names

» If you, or you know someone who needs a BIG/HUGE carseat..
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Sep 04, 2009 12:33 am by csweepigirl

» Just a quick hello
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Sep 02, 2009 7:37 am by man of a million names

» We started the FLDRS process...and here's what we found out so far
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Sep 02, 2009 7:19 am by man of a million names

» Support Groups
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSun Aug 30, 2009 1:31 pm by KelleyNNelson

» (Aspergers) Boy Meets Girl Movie
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Aug 25, 2009 8:13 am by man of a million names

» I give up, with trying to ever just relax, really.. I'm so flustrated!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeMon Aug 24, 2009 9:15 am by man of a million names

» Basic White or Yellow Cake
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSat Aug 22, 2009 6:33 am by man of a million names

» When did this category get here?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSat Aug 22, 2009 1:55 am by man of a million names

» Pork Fried Rice
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Aug 20, 2009 11:17 pm by man of a million names

» Why Are The Private Messages Still Disabled????
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Aug 20, 2009 10:48 pm by man of a million names

» Sorry I've been M.I.A.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Aug 19, 2009 6:04 am by man of a million names

» 5Km Run For AS!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Aug 14, 2009 11:30 pm by man of a million names

» Help for a mother.
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Aug 12, 2009 12:01 pm by Dr. Ron

» Aspergers and empathy
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSat Aug 08, 2009 11:41 am by csweepigirl

» We are the three amigo(a)s!Aanyone care to join?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Aug 07, 2009 12:42 am by man of a million names

» Vaccinations, Red Book, What?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeThu Aug 06, 2009 12:21 am by Dr. Ron

» What is the first step?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Aug 05, 2009 7:14 am by Dr. Ron

» Children who can’t cuddle
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeMon Aug 03, 2009 1:27 pm by csweepigirl

» Challenging popular myths about autism
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Jul 31, 2009 10:59 pm by Dr. Ron

» I NEED your HELP!!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeSat Jul 25, 2009 2:41 am by melissa

» Ok..what do I do? any suggestions..
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeFri Jul 24, 2009 3:53 am by melissa

» Back home!
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Jul 22, 2009 2:10 pm by KelleyNNelson

» Any spanish speakers willing to help an aspie in spain?
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeWed Jul 22, 2009 1:34 pm by csweepigirl

» Gluten Free Simple Bread
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Jul 21, 2009 11:49 am by csweepigirl

» More research (genetics)
Developmental dyspraxia I_icon_minitimeTue Jul 21, 2009 11:43 am by csweepigirl


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Developmental dyspraxia

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1Developmental dyspraxia Empty Developmental dyspraxia Fri Feb 13, 2009 12:08 pm

csweepigirl

csweepigirl
Admin

Developmental dyspraxia is one or all of a heterogeneous range of development disorders affecting the initiation, organization and performance of action. It is a diagnosis of exclusion which entails the partial loss of the ability to coordinate and perform certain purposeful movements and gestures, in the absence of other motor or sensory impairments like multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease.

The concept of developmental dyspraxia has existed for more than a century, but differing interpretation of the terminology remains.

Developmental dyspraxia (referred to as developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in the US) is a life-long condition that is more common in males than in females; the exact proportion of people with the disorder is unknown since the disorder can be difficult to detect due to a lack of specific laboratory tests, thus making diagnosis of the condition one of elimination of all other possible causes/diseases. Current estimates range from 5% - 20% with at least 2% being affected severely. Ripley, Daines, and Barrett state that "Developmental dyspraxia is difficulty getting our bodies to do what we want when we want them to do it", and that this difficulty can be considered significant when it interferes with the normal range of activities expected for a child of their age. Madeline Portwood makes the distinction that dyspraxia is not due to a general medical condition, but that it may be due to immature neuron development. The word "dyspraxia" comes from the Greek words "dys" meaning impaired or abnormal and "praxis", meaning action or deed.

Dyspraxia is described as having two main elements:

Ideational dyspraxia
Difficulty with planning a sequence of coordinated movements.
Ideo-Motor dyspraxia
Difficulty with executing a plan, even though it is known.


Assessment and diagnosis
Assessments for dyspraxia typically require a developmental history, detailing ages at which significant developmental milestones, such as crawling and walking, occurred. Motor skills screening includes activities designed to indicate dyspraxia, including balancing, physical sequencing, touch sensitivity, and variations on walking activities. A baseline motor assessment establishes the starting point for developmental intervention programs. Comparing children to normal rates of development may help to establish areas of significant difficulty.

However, research in the BJSE has shown that knowledge is severely limited in many who should be trained to recognise and respond to various difficulties, including Developmental Coordination Disorder, Dyslexia and DAMP. The earlier that difficulties are noted and timely assessments occur, the quicker intervention can begin. A teacher or GP could miss a diagnosis if they are only applying a cursory knowledge.

"Teachers will not be able to recognise or accommodate the child with learning difficulties in class if their knowledge is limited. Similarly GPs will find it difficult to detect and appropriately refer children with learning difficulties."


Developmental profiles
Various areas of development can be affected by developmental dyspraxia and many or all can persist into adulthood. Often various coping strategies are developed, and these can be enhanced through physiotherapy.


Speech and language
Developmental verbal dyspraxia is a type of ideational dyspraxia, causing linguistic or phonological impairment. This is the favoured term in the UK; however it is also sometimes referred to as articulatory dyspraxia and in the USA the usual term is apraxia of speech [5]. Key problems include:

Difficulties controlling the speech organs.
Difficulties making speech sounds
Difficulty sequencing sounds
Within a word
Forming words into sentences
Difficulty controlling breathing and phonation.
Slow language development.
Difficulty with feeding.

Fine motor control
Difficulties with fine motor co-ordination lead to problems with handwriting, which may be due to either ideational or ideo-motor difficulties. Problems associated with this area may include:

Learning basic movement patterns.
Developing a desired writing speed.
The acquisition of graphemes – e.g. the letters of the Latin alphabet, as well as numbers.
Establishing the correct pencil grip
Hand aching while writing

Whole body movement, coordination, and body image
Issues with gross motor coordination mean that major developmental targets including walking, running, climbing and jumping are affected. One area of difficulty involves associative movement, where a passive part of the body moves or twitches in response to a movement in an active part. For example, the support arm and hand twitching as the dominant arm and hand move, or hands turning inwards or outwards to correspond with movements of the feet. Problems associated with this area may include:

Poor timing.
Poor balance (sometimes even falling over in mid-step). Tripping over one's own feet is also not uncommon.
Difficulty combining movements into a controlled sequence.
Difficulty remembering the next movement in a sequence.
Problems with spatial awareness, or proprioception.
Some people with dyspraxia have trouble picking up and holding onto simple objects due to poor muscle tone.
This disorder can cause an individual to be clumsy to the point of knocking things over and bumping into people accidentally.
Some dyspraxics have difficulty in determining left from right.
Cross-laterality, ambidexterity, and a shift in the preferred hand are also common in people with dyspraxia.[citation needed]
Dyspraxics may also have trouble determining the distance between them and other objects.[citation needed]

General difficulties
Dyspraxic people may have Sensory Integration Dysfunction, a condition that creates abnormal oversensitivity or undersensitivity to physical stimuli, such as touch, light, and sound[citation needed]. This may manifest itself as an inability to tolerate certain textures such as sandpaper or certain fabrics and including oral toleration of excessively textured food (commonly known as picky eating), or even being touched by another individual (in the case of touch oversensitivity) or may require the consistent use of sunglasses outdoors since sunlight may be intense enough to cause discomfort to a dyspraxic (in the case of light oversensitivity). An aversion to loud music and naturally loud environments (such as clubs and bars) is typical behavior of a dyspraxic individual who suffers from auditory oversensitivity, while only being comfortable in unusually warm or cold environments is typical of a dyspraxic with temperature oversensitivity.

Dyspraxic people sometimes have difficulty moderating the amount of sensory information that their body is constantly sending them, so as a result these people are prone to panic attacks[citation needed]. Having other autistic traits (which is common with dyspraxia and related conditions[citation needed]) may also contribute to sensory-induced panic attacks.

Moderate to extreme difficulty doing physical tasks is experienced by dyspraxics, and fatigue is common because so much extra energy is expended while trying to execute physical movements correctly.[6] Some (but not all) dyspraxics suffer from hypotonia, which in this case is chronically low muscle tone caused by dyspraxia[citation needed]. People with this condition have very low muscle strength and endurance (even in comparison with other dyspraxics) and even the simplest physical activities may quickly cause soreness and fatigue, depending on the severity of the hypotonia. Hypotonia may worsen a dyspraxic's already poor balance to the point where it is necessary to constantly lean on sturdy objects for support[citation needed].


Overlap with other conditions
Dyspraxics may have other difficulties that are not due to dyspraxia itself but often co-exist with it. They may have characteristics of dyslexia (difficulty with reading and spelling), dyscalculia (difficulty with mathematics), expressive language disorder (difficulty with verbal expression), ADHD (poor attention span), or Asperger syndrome (poor social cognition and a literal understanding of language, making it hard to understand idioms or sarcasm). However, they are unlikely to have problems in all of these areas. The pattern of difficulty varies widely from person to person, and it is important to understand that a major weakness for one dyspraxic can be a strength or gift for another. For example, while some dyspraxics have difficulty with reading and spelling due to an overlap with dyslexia, or numeracy due to an overlap with dyscalculia, others may have brilliant reading and spelling or mathematical abilities. Similarly, some have autistic traits such as lacking an appreciation of irony or social cues, while others thrive on an ironic sense of humour as a bonding tool and a means of coping.

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